In 2022, public spending accounted for 58% of national GDP, compared to 50% in the 1980s. This demonstrates that public authorities continue to have a significant impact on all aspects of national activity, including economic and industrial policy, social policy, education, higher education, research, innovation, and healthcare.
These intervention policies face numerous challenges that are central to our efforts, such as designing and implementing public action at the appropriate territorial level, developing innovative models to adapt to major transformations, and improving organizational efficiency.